Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] sightings


Almost all members of this group have the fleshy fruitbodies that are commonly called mushrooms. You also see them referred to as toadstools, but mushrooms will be the term used here. On the underside of the cap are the gills, extending in from the margin towards the stem. Usually gills come in a range of lengths, from very short to long and, in most species, the long gills reach the stem. If no gills reach the stem, the species is said to have free gills.

 

A universal veil is a membrane that envelopes the entire mushroom at the button stage and, as the stem expands, that veil is ruptured and may leave traces as a cup-like surround (volva) or ridges around the base of the stem or as irregular wats or flakes of tissue on the cap. A partial veil covers the gills in an immature mushroom (and is called a cortina if it has a flimsy, cobwebby appearance) and extends from the edge of the cap to the stem. As the cap expands, the partial veil breaks and may leave traces as a collar of tissue (a ring or annulus) around the stem  or as wispy, hard to see filaments on the stem in the case of a cortina. In some genera both types of veil are present, in some only one type is present and in many neither is present. Veil remnants may erode away over time.

 

In fungal field guides you see the word agaric, a collective term for fleshy fruitbodies that have a cap with gills below. A mushroom is a stemmed agaric and there are also stemless agarics.

 

In the following hints you see examples of useful identification features and a few of the more commonly seen genera in which at least some species (not necessarily all) show these features. The lepiotoid genera are: Chlorophyllum, Lepiota, Leucoagaricus, Leucocoprinus, Macrolepiota.

 

Hints

Gills white: Amanita, Armillaria, Mycena, Russula, lepiotoid genera.

Gills faintly pink: Entoloma, Pluteus, Volvopluteus.

Gills rusty brown: Cortinarius, Gymnopilus.

Gills dark chocolate brown: Agaricus, Agrocybe.

Gills purplish-brown to black: Coprinus, Hypholoma, Leratiomyces, Panaeolus, Psilocybe, Stropharia.

 

With a volva (possibly buried): Amanita, Volvopluteus.

Stem with a ring: Agaricus, Agrocybe, Gymnopilus, lepiotoid genera.

With a cortina: Cortinarius, Gymnopilus, Hebeloma, Psilocybe.

 

With free gills: Agaricus, Amanita, Pluteus, Volvopluteus, lepiotoid genera.

 

Growing in dense clusters, all stems arising from the same point: Armillaria, Flammulina, Gymnopilus, Hypholoma, Mycena.

 

Mushroom bleeds when damaged: Lactarius s.l., Mycena.

Bright yellow gills that bruise blue-green: Phylloporus.

 

Leathery texture: Lentinus, Neolentinus.

Fresh mushroom snaps a bit like chalk: Lactarius s.l., Russula.

 

Stem short & well-off centre: Melanotus, Panellus.

 

The immature mushroom has a granular coating that is easily rubbed off and may disappear with age: Cystoderma, Cystolepiota, Leucocoprinus.

Cap with dark scales, in concentric rings, over a white base & with solid colour at the centre: several lepiotoid genera.

 

On twig/leaf litter: Marasmius, Mycena.

On herbivore dung: Coprinopsis, Panaeolus, Psilocybe, Stropharia.

 

Warnings

The mutual pressure of mushrooms that grow in dense clusters may produce some distorted fruitbodies with stems off-centre to some degree, but in species of Melanotus and Panellus the off-centre stem is normal.

 

Normally stemless agarics occasionally produce fruitbodies with very rudimentary stems. If your sighting has a very rudimentary stem you may need to check that group.

 

As a mushroom dries out, gills attached to the stem may tear away and seem free. If you look very closely (best with a 10x handlens) you would see ragged evidence of tearing, which you won’t see in free gills.


Caps on stems; gills below caps [mushrooms or mushroom-like]



Page 20 of 46 - image sightings only

Mycena sp. (Mycena) at Weetangera, ACT - 2 Jun 2022 by trevorpreston
Hygrocybe sp. ‘red’ (A Waxcap) at Jacka, ACT - 2 Jun 2022 by SimoneC
Mycena sp. (Mycena) at Jacka, ACT - 2 Jun 2022 by SimoneC
Cortinarius persplendidus (Splendid Red Skinhead) at Jacka, ACT - 2 Jun 2022 by SimoneC
Russula sp. (genus) (Russula) at Jacka, ACT - 2 Jun 2022 by SimoneC
Cortinarius austrovenetus (Green Skinhead) at Jacka, ACT - 2 Jun 2022 by SimoneC
Cortinarius sp. (Cortinarius) at Hawker, ACT - 1 Jun 2022 by trevorpreston
Unidentified Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] at Hawker, ACT - 1 Jun 2022 by trevorpreston
Lepiota s.l. at Hawker, ACT - 1 Jun 2022 by trevorpreston
Cortinarius sp. (Cortinarius) at Hawker, ACT - 1 Jun 2022 by trevorpreston
Unidentified Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] at Hawker, ACT - 1 Jun 2022 by trevorpreston
Unidentified Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] at Hawker, ACT - 1 Jun 2022 by trevorpreston
Hypholoma sp. (Hypholoma) at Paddys River, ACT - 1 Jun 2022 by TimL
Mycena sp. (Mycena) at Paddys River, ACT - 1 Jun 2022 by TimL
Unidentified Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] at Cook, ACT - 1 Jun 2022 by Tammy
Unidentified Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] at Cook, ACT - 1 Jun 2022 by Tammy
Unidentified Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] at Paddys River, ACT - 1 Jun 2022 by TimL
Unidentified Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] at Paddys River, ACT - 1 Jun 2022 by TimL
Unidentified Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] at Paddys River, ACT - 1 Jun 2022 by TimL
zz agaric (stem; gills not white/cream) at Paddys River, ACT - 1 Jun 2022 by TimL
Laccaria sp. (Laccaria) at O'Connor, ACT - 1 Jun 2022 by trevorpreston
Cortinarius austrovenetus (Green Skinhead) at O'Connor, ACT - 1 Jun 2022 by trevorpreston
Lactarius deliciosus (Saffron Milkcap) at O'Connor, ACT - 1 Jun 2022 by trevorpreston
Tricholoma terreum (Grey Knight or Dirty Tricholoma) at O'Connor, ACT - 1 Jun 2022 by trevorpreston
Unidentified Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] at Paddys River, ACT - 1 Jun 2022 by TimL
Agaricus sp. (Agaricus) at Acton, ACT - 31 May 2022 by TimL
Amanita muscaria (Fly Agaric) at Acton, ACT - 31 May 2022 by TimL
Gymnopilus sp. (Gymnopilus) at Queanbeyan West, NSW - 30 May 2022 by Paul4K
Austrocortinarius australiensis at Stromlo, ACT - 29 May 2022 by Christine
Gymnopus sp. at Macquarie, ACT - 29 May 2022 by Heino1
Gymnopus sp. at Macquarie, ACT - 29 May 2022 by Heino1
Armillaria luteobubalina (Australian Honey Fungus) at Acton, ACT - 29 May 2022 by TimL
Unidentified Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] at West Albury, NSW - 29 May 2022 by KylieWaldon
Lepiota s.l. at West Albury, NSW - 29 May 2022 by KylieWaldon
Unidentified Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] at Albury, NSW - 29 May 2022 by KylieWaldon
Unidentified Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] at Albury, NSW - 29 May 2022 by KylieWaldon
Unidentified Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] at Albury, NSW - 29 May 2022 by KylieWaldon
Unidentified Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] at Albury, NSW - 29 May 2022 by KylieWaldon
Amanita sp. (Amanita sp.) at Nambucca Heads, NSW - 29 May 2022 by trevorpreston
Unidentified Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] at Albury, NSW - 29 May 2022 by KylieWaldon
zz agaric (stem; gill colour unknown) at Acton, ACT - 29 May 2022 by Jenny54
Unidentified Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] at Albury, NSW - 29 May 2022 by KylieWaldon
Laccaria sp. (Laccaria) at Albury, NSW - 29 May 2022 by KylieWaldon
Unidentified Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] at Albury, NSW - 29 May 2022 by KylieWaldon
zz agaric (stem; gill colour unknown) at O'Connor, ACT - 28 May 2022 by Jenny54
zz agaric (stem; gills not white/cream) at Jerrabomberra, NSW - 28 May 2022 by LizO
Inocybe sp. (Inocybe) at Nambucca Heads, NSW - 28 May 2022 by trevorpreston
Unidentified Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] at Nambucca Heads, NSW - 28 May 2022 by trevorpreston
Agarics at Finch Hatton, QLD - 28 May 2022 by Hejor1
Oudemansiella gigaspora group (Rooting Shank) at Queanbeyan West, NSW - 28 May 2022 by Paul4K
Cortinarius sp. (Cortinarius) at Queanbeyan West, NSW - 28 May 2022 by Paul4K
Russula sp. (genus) (Russula) at Queanbeyan West, NSW - 28 May 2022 by Paul4K
Mycena 'clarkeana group' at Molonglo Valley, ACT - 28 May 2022 by YellowButton
Oudemansiella gigaspora group (Rooting Shank) at Molonglo Valley, ACT - 28 May 2022 by YellowButton
zz agaric (stem; gills white/cream) at Crace, ACT - 27 May 2022 by abread111
Russula persanguinea (Russula persanguinea) at Crace, ACT - 27 May 2022 by abread111
Austropaxillus sp. at Acton, ACT - 27 May 2022 by TimL
Mycena sp. (Mycena) at Isaacs, ACT - 27 May 2022 by Mike
zz agaric (stem; gills not white/cream) at Latham, ACT - 26 May 2022 by trevorpreston
Unidentified Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] at Macgregor, ACT - 26 May 2022 by trevorpreston
Oudemansiella gigaspora group (Rooting Shank) at Macgregor, ACT - 26 May 2022 by trevorpreston
Oudemansiella gigaspora group (Rooting Shank) at Hackett, ACT - 26 May 2022 by abread111
Gymnopilus junonius (Spectacular Rustgill) at Cook, ACT - 26 May 2022 by Tammy
Lepiota s.l. at Bruce, ACT - 26 May 2022 by trevorpreston
zz agaric (stem; gills not white/cream) at Bruce, ACT - 26 May 2022 by trevorpreston
Gymnopilus junonius (Spectacular Rustgill) at Dickson Wetland Corridor - 26 May 2022 by icrawford@iinet.net.au
Gymnopus sp. at ANBG - 25 May 2022 by Heino1
Hypholoma sp. at Cotter River, ACT - 25 May 2022 by trevorpreston
Mycena sp. (Mycena) at Cotter River, ACT - 25 May 2022 by trevorpreston
zz agaric (stem; gills not white/cream) at Cotter River, ACT - 25 May 2022 by trevorpreston
Gymnopilus sp. (Gymnopilus) at Cotter River, ACT - 25 May 2022 by trevorpreston
Russula 'purpureoflava group' at Cotter River, ACT - 25 May 2022 by trevorpreston
Unidentified Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] at Cotter River, ACT - 25 May 2022 by trevorpreston
Unidentified Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] at Cotter River, ACT - 25 May 2022 by trevorpreston
zz agaric (stem; gills not white/cream) at Borough, NSW - 25 May 2022 by Paul4K
Lactarius deliciosus (Saffron Milkcap) at Isaacs, ACT - 25 May 2022 by Mike
Tricholoma sp. (gills white/creamy) at Isaacs, ACT - 25 May 2022 by Mike
Amanita sp. (Amanita sp.) at Moruya, NSW - 25 May 2022 by LisaH
Mycena 'clarkeana group' at Paddys River, ACT - 25 May 2022 by TimL
Cortinarius sp. (Cortinarius) at Lyneham, ACT - 24 May 2022 by trevorpreston
Cortinarius sp. (Cortinarius) at Stromlo, ACT - 24 May 2022 by trevorpreston
Coprinellus etc. (An Inkcap) at Aranda, ACT - 24 May 2022 by KMcCue
Cortinarius austrovenetus (Green Skinhead) at Molonglo Valley, ACT - 24 May 2022 by mareehill
Inocybe sp. (Inocybe) at Watson, ACT - 24 May 2022 by trevorpreston
Laccaria sp. (Laccaria) at Watson, ACT - 24 May 2022 by trevorpreston
Amanita muscaria (Fly Agaric) at Downer, ACT - 24 May 2022 by 1pepsiman
Cortinarius archeri s.l. (Emperor Cortinar) at Acton, ACT - 23 May 2022 by RWPurdie
Lepiota s.l. at Hughes, ACT - 22 May 2022 by ruthkerruish
Macrolepiota clelandii at Wodonga, VIC - 22 May 2022 by KylieWaldon
Lactarius deliciosus (Saffron Milkcap) at Fraser, ACT - 22 May 2022 by trevorpreston
Unidentified Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] at Wodonga, VIC - 22 May 2022 by KylieWaldon
Cantharellus sp. at Molonglo Valley, ACT - 22 May 2022 by NathanaelC
zz agaric (stem; gills white/cream) at Stromlo, ACT - 21 May 2022 by trevorpreston
zz agaric (stem; gills not white/cream) at Stromlo, ACT - 21 May 2022 by trevorpreston
zz agaric (stem; gills not white/cream) at Stromlo, ACT - 21 May 2022 by trevorpreston
Unidentified Cap on a stem; gills below cap [mushrooms or mushroom-like] at Stromlo, ACT - 21 May 2022 by trevorpreston
Laccaria sp. at Stromlo, ACT - 21 May 2022 by trevorpreston
zz agaric (stem; gills white/cream) at Stromlo, ACT - 21 May 2022 by trevorpreston
Cortinarius sp. (Cortinarius) at Stromlo, ACT - 21 May 2022 by trevorpreston
Austrocortinarius australiensis at Stromlo, ACT - 21 May 2022 by trevorpreston

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